Use of hydrogen and ammonia as fuel in gas turbines for the oil, gas, petrochemical and power generation industries

Abstract

The use of hydrogen and ammonia as fuels in gas turbines represents a promising alternative for reducing emissions in the oil, gas, and power generation industries. This study analyzes their application, technological advancements, and challenges, including the impact on materials, CO₂ emissions, and safety in storage and transportation. Turbines capable of operating with hydrogen, ammonia, and natural gas mixtures have been developed, aiming to reach 100% hydrogen operation. However, hydrogen embrittlement, ammonia corrosion, and limited infrastructure remain key challenges. Ammonia emerges as a viable energy carrier, although its toxicity requires specialized handling. Despite advancements, economic feasibility depends on reducing costs in green hydrogen production and developing appropriate regulations. Further research on resistant materials and the optimization of combustion technologies is recommended to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impacts.